Different Parts and Function of Ring Frame Machine
Facts about Ring Frame Machine:
Ring spinning machine was invented by an American named Thorp in 1828 and Jenk another American added the traveller rotating around the ring in 1830. In more than 150 years that have passed since the machine has experienced considerable modifications in detail but the concept has remain unchanged.
Introduction of Ring Frame Machine:
Ring spinning is a method of spinning fibers such as cotton. Spinning process is done by Ring frame machine. Ring frame converts the roving bobbin into the yarn. The roving bobbin taken from roving process is mounted on the Ring frame either automatically or manually. The ring frame stretches and drafts the material.
Objectives of Ring Frame:
Main Functions of Ring Frame:
1) Creeling: By this process the drawn sliver is introduced to the draft zone from sliver can manually.
2) Drafting: To reduce the weight per unit length by drafting i.e., passes of sliver through three or four pair of roller of different speed.
3) Twisting: To make turn within the fiber of the drafted material to hold them together.
4) Winding: To wound the roving or to upright bobbin in a particular manner so that it can be used in the next machine easily.
5) Building: By this process the roving is wound in full length of the bobbin in such a form which will facilitate handling, transfer and feeding to ring frame.
6) Doffing: Doffing is to replace an empty bobbin at the place of fully wound bobbin.
Operations of different zone of ring frame are described below:
Creel Zone:
When the roving is brought for the process of ring spinning, it needs to be un-winded properly. For this purpose, the roving is held in a vertical position with the help of roving hangers on creel rods.
Drafting and Drafting Zone:
To reduce the weight per unit length by drafting in which roving is passed through three to four rollers to attain differential speed.
The drafting of the ring frame is similar to that in the roving frame. It is the most important part in the ring spinning process. The drafting directly influences the strength and evenness of the yarn. The ring spinning frame uses a 3 by 3 drafting with three top and three bottom rollers and the middle rollers covered with aprons. The aprons are made of rubber material and are used to guide the yarn. The top rollers are coated with rubber and are negatively driven, hence they have no drive. The bottom rollers are coated with steel and are positively driven. The top rollers are driven by the bottom rollers with the help of pressure arm. The pressure arm applies pressure on the top rollers which influences the bottom rollers to start moving. When the bottom rollers start moving, the top rollers are also given drive and thus they move. So pressure arm is also an important component in the drafting area. A total draft of 15-40 and in some cases even up to 50 can be given in the ring spinning frame.
Twisting:
When the roving is drafted, the yarn undergoes twist insertion. The twist is given to strengthen the yarn. The yarn after being drafted comes from the front rollers and passes the yarn guide. The yarn guide is adjusted to be centered above the spindle. They lead the yarn centrally over the axis of spindle. Now the yarn passes down to the spindle assembly where it is threaded through the traveler.
The traveller imparts twist to the yarn and is responsible for winding the yarn onto the cop. However a second device, the spindle is required for winding. The traveler is fixed with the ring and does not have its own drive but is only carried along the spindle. The rings are responsible for the rotation of yarn. The yarn comes in between the traveler and the traveller rotates on the ring along with the yarn. As the yarn rotates, number of twists are inserted.
Winding:
The yarn is rotated on bobbins which are fixed on spindle and due to this rotation, balloon is formed. The balloon formed on one spindle can be entangled with the balloon formed on the other spindle. To overcome this problem, separators are used which avoid the entanglement of balloons. The yarn is wound up onto a cylindrical cop form by raising and lowering of the rings which are mounted on a continuous ring rail.
Doffing:
It is the final process of ring frame. Doffing is a process to replace an empty bobbin at the place of fully wound bobbins.
Advantages of Ring Frame:
Although ring frame has some disadvantages, this machine is very popular in the spinning process. Ring frame machine can produce very finer yarn.
References:
Ummul Rifa Khan
Dept. of Textile Science
NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
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Ring spinning machine was invented by an American named Thorp in 1828 and Jenk another American added the traveller rotating around the ring in 1830. In more than 150 years that have passed since the machine has experienced considerable modifications in detail but the concept has remain unchanged.
Introduction of Ring Frame Machine:
Ring spinning is a method of spinning fibers such as cotton. Spinning process is done by Ring frame machine. Ring frame converts the roving bobbin into the yarn. The roving bobbin taken from roving process is mounted on the Ring frame either automatically or manually. The ring frame stretches and drafts the material.
 |
| Fig: Ring frame machine |
- To reduce the mass of the material by drafting until the required fineness is obtained.
- To twist the drafted yarn by twisting to obtain maximum strength.
- To wind the twisted yarn onto the bobbin by winding process for suitable storage, transportation and further processing.
- Roving Bobbin: Inserted in holders.
- Roving Guide: To feed roving correctly.
- Creel: To hold the roving bobbin over the roller beam.
- Guide Rail: Guide the roving into the drafting.
- Drafting Arrangement: For drafting of material.
- Yarn Guide: To guide the yarn to give path to the yarn.
- Spindle: Hold the yarn loosely or tightly.
- Traveller: Help in the insertion of twist in yarn.
- Ring: Guide the circular run of the traveller.
- Separator: Separate the yarn to avoid entanglement of yarn during balloon formation.
 |
| Fig: Different parts of ring frame (Image courtesy: https://www.rieter.com) |
2) Drafting: To reduce the weight per unit length by drafting i.e., passes of sliver through three or four pair of roller of different speed.
3) Twisting: To make turn within the fiber of the drafted material to hold them together.
4) Winding: To wound the roving or to upright bobbin in a particular manner so that it can be used in the next machine easily.
5) Building: By this process the roving is wound in full length of the bobbin in such a form which will facilitate handling, transfer and feeding to ring frame.
6) Doffing: Doffing is to replace an empty bobbin at the place of fully wound bobbin.
Operations of different zone of ring frame are described below:
Creel Zone:
When the roving is brought for the process of ring spinning, it needs to be un-winded properly. For this purpose, the roving is held in a vertical position with the help of roving hangers on creel rods.
Drafting and Drafting Zone:
To reduce the weight per unit length by drafting in which roving is passed through three to four rollers to attain differential speed.
The drafting of the ring frame is similar to that in the roving frame. It is the most important part in the ring spinning process. The drafting directly influences the strength and evenness of the yarn. The ring spinning frame uses a 3 by 3 drafting with three top and three bottom rollers and the middle rollers covered with aprons. The aprons are made of rubber material and are used to guide the yarn. The top rollers are coated with rubber and are negatively driven, hence they have no drive. The bottom rollers are coated with steel and are positively driven. The top rollers are driven by the bottom rollers with the help of pressure arm. The pressure arm applies pressure on the top rollers which influences the bottom rollers to start moving. When the bottom rollers start moving, the top rollers are also given drive and thus they move. So pressure arm is also an important component in the drafting area. A total draft of 15-40 and in some cases even up to 50 can be given in the ring spinning frame.
 |
| Fig: Drafting of ring frame (Image courtesy: https://www.rieter.com) |
When the roving is drafted, the yarn undergoes twist insertion. The twist is given to strengthen the yarn. The yarn after being drafted comes from the front rollers and passes the yarn guide. The yarn guide is adjusted to be centered above the spindle. They lead the yarn centrally over the axis of spindle. Now the yarn passes down to the spindle assembly where it is threaded through the traveler.
 |
| Fig: Yarn twist insertion in ring frame |
 |
| Fig: Ring and traveller (Image courtesy: https://www.ptj.com.pk) |
The yarn is rotated on bobbins which are fixed on spindle and due to this rotation, balloon is formed. The balloon formed on one spindle can be entangled with the balloon formed on the other spindle. To overcome this problem, separators are used which avoid the entanglement of balloons. The yarn is wound up onto a cylindrical cop form by raising and lowering of the rings which are mounted on a continuous ring rail.
 |
| Fig: Winding in ring frame |
It is the final process of ring frame. Doffing is a process to replace an empty bobbin at the place of fully wound bobbins.
Advantages of Ring Frame:
- Any type of material (fiber) can be spun.
- Wide range of count can be processed.
- It delivers a yarn with optimum characteristics.
- Idealized twisting system.
- It is uncomplicated and easy to operate.
- Higher yarn strength can be achieved.
Disadvantages of Ring Frame:
- Production rate is low.
- This machine works as more heat generates.
Although ring frame has some disadvantages, this machine is very popular in the spinning process. Ring frame machine can produce very finer yarn.
References:
- www.reiter.com (REKIPEDIA)
- http://nptel.ac.in
- https://en.wikipedia.org
- http://www.rieter.com
- http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2013/05/an-overview-of-ring-spinning.html
Ummul Rifa Khan
Dept. of Textile Science
NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
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